When the platform stops at the check point under a camera (360 degree), the camera will take a shoot of the fruit and the edge machine with AI model that has been trained to identify the scale insects will identify if the insects … Flip over suspiciouslooking bumps on twigs and branches with a thumbnail. Scales are tiny, irksome insects that can infest not only our outdoor gardens but our indoor plants as well. They feast on the sap of our plants, usually trees and shrubs, and can cause serious damage over time, such as dieback of branches. Two generations are commonly produced per year. outer coating that cannot be removed or separated from the insect body. Females, however, molt into wingless nymph-like adults. There are many species of scale insects that feed on a wide range of host plants. BUGFINDER is our in-house search form that allows you to quickly peruse the Insect Identification database by making a few basic selections about your insect … Identification: There are over 7,000 different species of scale insects that range in size, shape and colors. Scale insects can be difficult to get rid of but spraying with PLANThealth Spectrum and/or Organic Insect Control followed by Organic Super Spraying Oil is most effective, killing scale … Although effective, some oils and insecticides can cause further damage to not only the plants but also wildlife and to us as well. Host plants include ash, dogwood, lilac, maple, and willow. The male scale produces a small, thin, white covering and can be quite numerous on the undersides of leaves. Dormant oils are effective on the overwintering stage of some species, but need to be applied in early spring before leaves appear. Our communities. Armored scales secrete a protective cover over their bodies and usually overwinter as eggs beneath the female cover. The honeydew drips onto the foliage and branches below, which often attracts ants, bees, wasps, and flies. The damage of a scale infestation depends upon the type of scale, the species of plant, environmental factors, and the proximity and numbers of natural enemies. European elm scale—Gossyparia spuria =Eriococcus spurius This scale insect (Eriococcidae) is a pest only on elms, Ulmus spp. Management of scale insects varies with the species. They range in size from 1/10 to 1/4 inch, making them larger than other scale insects… A waxy covering protects most adult armored scales, therefore management measures must be aimed at the unprotected crawlers or applied during the over wintering stage. There are many species of scale insects that feed on a wide range of host plants. Mealybugs, a widespread garden pest, are also part of the soft or unarmored scale family. Identification: There are over 7,000 different species of scale insects that range in size, shape and colors. In Iowa, most species of shade trees, fruit trees, and ornamental shrubs are subject to scale insect attacks. The information given here is for educational purposes only. Identification: At first glance, many scale insects look like a small, circular bump that's part of the plant. At maturity, a single female can produce 500-600 eggs in May, which hatch in late June or early July. Given their atypical characteristics, scale insects are often not recognized as insects … Some scale insects in the genus Parthenolecanium are commonly called lecanium scales because at one time they were included in the genus Lecanium.Female oak lecanium scales, … Building the urban forest for 2050. Crawlers, unlike mature scales, are mobile and will migrate to new feeding locations, in which they will then secure themselves to feast, grow the protective shell and lose their mobility. Pachysandra and Eastern red cedar are also susceptible. In their juvenile growth stage, they are referred to as "crawlers". During feeding by soft scale species, excess plant sap is excreted as a sweet, sticky material called honeydew. use escape to move to top level menu parent. The scale overwinters in the egg stage under the females' protective cover. Common armored scales include: Oystershell Scale—brown in color and shaped like the shell of an oyster; Pine Needle Scale—pure white in color and also shaped like an oyster; San Jose Scale—black in color and one of the most widely distributed and destructive scale insects; and Euonymus Scale—pear-shaped and blackish-brown in color. Needless to say, these scales have an armor-like coating which they use to protect themselves from predators or insecticidal sprays. Soft scales are usually larger, lack the protective cover, but protect themselves with waxy secretions. Eggs hatch beneath the females in late spring or early summer, and crawlers then migrate to leaves of the host plant to feed. … When scale numbers are high, look for feeding activity and avoid using chemical or oils to encourage biological control. Oystershell scale found in our area is either the gray race or the brown race. Soft scale insects (family Coccidae) have a soft waxy . These attacks not usually fatal, but monitoring your garden regularly makes you aware of a problem early enough to prevent major damage and literally nip it in the bud. Hard scale (for example red citrus … Natural Areas Conservation Training Program, Black walnut toxicity (plants tolerant of), Preventing construction damage to trees and shrubs, Trees and shrubs for the four seasons landscape, Sudden Oak Death, Ramorum Blight and Phytophthora ramorum, Eastern United States Wetlands Collection. (For branches thicker than 1 inch, try the 3-cut method.) Eggs hatch in spring, producing nymph crawlers that emerge white, but gradually change to a glossy brown. Pine Needle Scale is probably the most common armored scale found on conifers in the United States and Canada. Successful Solutions to Common Plant Problems Value Pack. The user is responsible for determining that the intended use is consistent with the label of the product being used. The male forms a visible white cocoon early in spring and appears as a reddish adult in April or May. Once their feeding site has been selected, they'll remain throughout the rest of the summer. Fletcher scale / Early April and early July This scale spends the winter on one-to-two-year-old twigs as tiny, dark-colored nymphs. European elm scale males and females differ considerably in appearance and life cycle. The scale covering is brown, elongated … Scale insects can be divided into two groups:Armored (Hard) – Secrete a hard protective covering (1/8 inch long) over themselves, which is not attached to the body. Common soft scales include: Magnolia scale—largest scale that ranges in color from pinkish-orange to dark brown; Fletcher scale—dark brown in color and shiny; Oak Kermes scale—tan in color and round. Euonymus scale / Early June, Identification. Peruse through more than 100 gardening “dos and don’ts” in Decoding Gardening Advice. As the nymphs develop, they crawl to other parts of the host plant to feed, although they can be blown to other susceptible hosts. Also, a dark fungus called black sooty mold can be found growing on the sweet honeydew. As crawlers, they are highly mobile, six-legged, have no protective cover, and are usually smaller than a pinhead. This is important because for the best results with treatment, these pesky insects need to be in their dormant stages of overwintering or young, immature crawlers to properly and effectively get rid of them. • Soft scales: Usually soft scales are larger than armored scales and lack the protective shell that armored scales have. Identification of the scale is important as it may aid in better control. Instead it secretes a thin, transparent film, which does not totally cover the insect. Males molt into a prepupa for a week and then emerge as winged adults. The following spring, it feeds heavily as it grows into an adult. They may even eventually kill the host plant. Scale insects can be divided into two groups: armored scales and soft scales. Long, thread-like mouthparts allow the insects to pierce plant tissue and remove plant sap resulting in yellowing of tissues, reduced plant vigor, and branch dieback. Barkis usually intact beneath a scale. As they feed, their protective covering begins to form and they become "helmet shaped", taking on a shiny, amber or reddish-brown color. In the fall, the crawlers return to a limb or trunk crevice where they hibernate as nymphs (immature females). All native elms are susceptible to this scale. Natural enemies, such as birds, parasitic wasps, flies, and beetles feed on adults, as well as active crawlers. One generation per year is produced. An Annotated Key to the Families of Scale Insects (Homoptera: Coccoidea) of America, North of Mexico, Based on Characteristics of the Adult Female. A sample of the infested plant material may be taken to the local Clemson Extension Service county office. They are less effective on armored scale species. The eggs hatch rapidly, usually within a few hours, into bright yellow crawlers. Scale insects are very vulnerable in the crawler stage when the young are looking for a place to feed. Explore this online platform for Chicago-area residents to share their favorite stories about trees. For identification purposes, many divide the insects into two main groups: soft scales and armored scales. There are two generations each year. However, at maturity, scale insects are immobile, have no visible legs or antennae, and in the case o… From there, it will be sent to the Plant and Pest Diagnostic Clinic at Clemson University for an accurate insect identification. Houseplant Scale Insect Life Cycle. The males, which turn white, are smaller than the females, about 1/8 -inch in length, and emerge as tiny, pink to yellow gnat-like crawlers. The young crawlers emerge as oval, flat, yellowish insects and migrate only short distances before settling down to feed. This fungus blackens roofs, porches, and any plant foliage where the honeydew is deposited. Adult armored scales are usually protected from chemicals because of their protective shell. The females turn brownish-purple in color and continue to expand through July. The eggs hatch into yellow-orange colored crawlers over a two-to-three week period in late May or early June. After mating, the females lay eggs under their protective shell. Like other soft scales, the Fletcher scale does not produce a separate, waxy cover. The scales can vary in length from 1/8-to-1/2-inch, depending on species. The female scale overwinters under its protective shell and deposits eggs in early spring under the scale covering. In most cases, they are able to move short distances (but rarely do) and produ… Lecanium scale / Mid-June Insects in the order Hemiptera are commonly called Bugs. The Morton Arboretum is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit that relies on the generosity of members and donors. Scale insects are a unique group, that look quite different from other insects. From top level menus, use escape to exit the menu. A Guide to Scale Insect Identification 1 S. H. Futch, C. W. McCoy, and C. C. Childers 2 Control of scale insects in Florida citrus utilizes native and introduced exotic natural enemies, including predators, … Most horticultural oils will not harm the host plants, but it is important to research the labels and ask local nurseries or garden centers which ones are more environmentally friendly than others. Improper pruning can permanently harm plants, so it is important to be cautious while pruning. The average length is 1/8 inch. Scale insects vary dramatically in appearance, from very small organisms (1–2 mm) that grow beneath wax covers (some shaped like oysters, others like mussel shells), to shiny pearl-like objects (about 5 … Most species, unlike armored scales who overwinter as eggs, will overwinter as immature, fertilized female scales. The flattened, oval-shaped, young nymphs are orangish to … Crawler emergence occurs in the fall. Scale insects are sap-feeding insects named for the scale or shell-like waxy covering that conceals their bodies. These crawlers move around until they find a suitable feeding site, usually on branches, where they settle down and remain through the winter. Scale insects are often overlooked because many do not look like typical bugs. Two generations are commonly produced per year. Control: Although bothersome, scale insects can be naturally defeated by other insects that may be in our yards; thus there is really not much need to take matters into our own hands—that is, unless there is large amounts of damage to the invaded plants. There is one generation per year. Juniper scale / Early July • Horticultural oils: Horticultural oils, or dormant oils, will cover the scales and smother them. Scale generally … The Scale Families key was built to help identify all known families of scale insects. Scale insects are a unique group, that look quite different from other insects. Plants frequently infested with scale include Euonymous, magnolia, and fruit trees and shrubs. Although these tiny invasive insects can potentially cause serious damage, with the proper identification and method of control, we can ensure the health and longevity of our plants. It is important to know which type of scale is wreaking havoc in the garden, but with thousands of different species this can be hard. The amber to reddish-brown nymph overwinters on a branch. This list will help you learn about common pests and diseases and how to identify t… Magnolia scale / Late September or early spring when buds are opening Bugs. A Guide to Scale Insect Identification 2 Glover Scale–(Packard) Glover scale is sometimes referred to as long scale. A second generation follows in late August or early September. In spring they will continue to feed but also mature and lay eggs (which will then turn into crawlers to find new feeding sites). The crawlers then migrate to feeding sites along the midrib and other prominent veins on the underside of leaves. Hibernating females often resemble small mealy bugs: oval-shaped and covered in short, white, waxy filaments. Research is key! Scale insects feed on plant sap. European elm scale / Early April Our future. Keep your garden healthy and flourishing with the Successful Solutions to Common Plant Problems Value Pack. Browse the curated collection and add your voice! The Bad News Bed Bug. © 2020 Active Interest Media All rights reserved. Check plants for live scale infestations. Our trees. The female is oval-shaped, reddish-purple, and surrounded by a white, cottony fringe. Timing of application is critical and will vary with species. The white, oystershell-shaped scale can completely cover needles causing plant discoloration, needle yellowing, and even branch death. Scale insects can weaken and even kill trees, shrubs and houseplants, but in general, complete loss of the plant is rare. Some scale insects live protected under a waxy covering and others have a white, cottony appearance. Horticultural Oil Precautions Test the spray on a leaf or two. Oystershell scale / Early June and late August What can you tell me about scale insects? The following menu has 3 levels. The pesticide information presented in this publication is current with federal and state regulations. Use enter to activate. Lecanium scales includes about twelve soft scale species, which are difficult to differentiate and affect a number of shade trees, fruit trees, shrubs, and other ornamentals. Citrus snow scale (Unaspis citri) is an armored scale that is a sporadic pest and host specific on citrus trees.Heavy infestations can almost completely cover the bark and larger limbs and give a white, … In the spring, the scales begin to feed, mature, and change color. The hard scale lives and feeds under this spherical armor and does not move about the plant. The RED / AMBER / GREEN dots indicate how easy it is to identify the species - see our Identification Difficulty page for more information. On the other hand, in the case of soft scale insects, the length is usually ½ inch. When honeydew falls from a tree, leaves shouldbe inspected for live soft scales or mealybugs. Stop by, email, or call. Once they start feeding, they quickly begin to produce the hard protective covering as they grow. Contact the Plant Clinic (630-719-2424 or plantclinic@mortonarb.org) for current recommendations. Use up and down arrow keys to explore within a submenu. Use left and right arrow keys to navigate between menus and submenus. Again, this should be applied during overwintering or during the crawler stage. Two generations are produced per year. Annals of the Entomological Society of … This scale settles on the needles of its host and forms a 1/8-inch white, oystershell-shaped cover. They attach themselves to a plant and feed by sucking fluids through straw-like mouthparts. There are several stages to the scale insect life cycle, and the entire cycle takes about 7-10 weeks. Insecticidal soaps can be effective against the crawler stage but usually have no effect on the adult scale. Image: Heavy infestation of scale on dogwood shrub. Eggs are protected under this cover, overwinter, and hatch in mid-May as tiny, flat, pink crawlers. This also holds true with insecticides. Use pesticides safely and wisely; read and follow label directions. Treatment usually will take place in late winter to early spring—before leaves begin to appear. In their juvenile growth stage, they are referred to as \"crawlers\". If the amount of devastation is creating a problem, the first step is to properly identify which species of scale you may have. When a soft body is beneatha cover, the plant is likely to have live armored scales. develop, they crawl to other parts of the host plant to feed, although they can be blown to other susceptible hosts. Have tree and plant questions? • Armored scales: This variety gets their names by the protective cover that shields their bodies beneath. You can search, browse, and learn more about the plants in our living collections by visiting our BRAHMS website. Within a submenu, use escape to move to top level menu parent. As crawlers, they are highly mobile, six-legged, have no protective cover, and are usually smaller than a pinhead. In late summer, immature females return to twigs to overwinter. Use up and down arrow keys to explore within a submenu. There are two main groups of scale insects, both of which spend most of their lives as immobile adults under a coating, sucking the sap from stalks, leaves and stems. These crawlers search for suitable needles on which to feed and once settled, begin to form their protective armor. Whenthe bump itself can be squashed it is likely to be some othertype of scale. Most scale insects produce some kind of wax covering that may entail a mealy substance over the body or elaborate waxy structures that are attached to the body of the insect or are formed as domicile-like structures. Here are a few methods of treatment: • Removing by hand: Some find that an effective way to remove these annoying insects is to scrape them off the host plants with a soft, plastic scrub pad. Scale insects feed on leaves or branches of many ornamental plants grown in landscapes and nurseries. To Get Rid of Scale Insects:. By mid July, the scale is fully grown. If insects are invading your yard and you do not know what to do, try Garden Guys Garden Neem—an eco-friendly insecticide and fungicide. Cottony maple scale / Mid- July, Most soft scales overwinter as immature, fertilized females. Although many scale … There is one generation per year. This method, however, is not the quickest or easiest option. Once they start feeding, they quickly begin to produce the hard protective covering as they grow. Pine needle scale / Late May Euonymus scale is usually found on lower branches or on the new leaves of several species of euonymus, bittersweet, and pachysandra. Fletcher scale is common in the northern parts of the Midwest and Canada and is most frequently found on arborvitae (Thuja sp.) It takes a few weeks for the eggs to hatch into nymphs (aka scale … To protect themselves they generally are covered with a waxy substance. The female deposits her eggs beneath herself on a twig of the host plant. Wait 24 to 36 hours to make sure the … Magnolia scale is our largest soft scale insect, reaching ½ inch in length. Get expert help from The Morton Arboretum Plant Clinic. Most species are only 1/16 to 1/8 inches long (the longest species being only a half an inch in length—which is the magnolia scale). Use left and right arrow keys to navigate between menus and submenus. The female scale lives under a gray or brown shell and is usually found on the branches. A … BugFinder - Insect Search and Identification Tool BugFinder was designed to help you, the visitor, identify your particular insect, bug, or spider. and yew (Taxus sp.). Identifying Scale Plant Insect Scale insects thrive in warm, dry environments. Magnolia scale eggs hatch internally, and the crawlers are born alive. Gardening in your own yard has major upsides, but it has one really irritating downside: pests and diseases that attack your beautiful plants and delicious homegrown vegetables. However, at maturity, scale insects are immobile, have no visible legs or antennae, and in the case of armored scales, are covered with a protective shell that ranges from about 1/16-to-3/8-inches in size. The scale bug is small, oval and flat, with a protective tan to brown shell-like covering (scale). Excessive amounts of honeydew can attract black sooty mold fungus. The two common scale … Registered sprays applied before the crawlers are present or after they have become dormant in the over-wintering stage will have little effect on population control. Identify a scale There are four keys to identify slide-mounted adult females: one for scale families, one for mealybugs and similar scales, one for soft scales, and one for pest species in other families. Its host and forms a 1/8-inch white, oystershell-shaped cover ) ( 3 ) nonprofit that relies on the.... Beneatha cover, and are usually smaller than a pinhead on a twig of the plant Clinic Extension Service office... And willow activity and avoid using chemical or oils to encourage biological control can infest not the. Amber to reddish-brown nymph overwinters on a twig of the host plant to feed red citrus … can! Can permanently harm plants, so it is likely to have live armored have... For branches thicker than 1 inch, try the 3-cut method. Needle yellowing, and the entire takes... Species of scale insects ( family Coccidae ) have a soft waxy twig of host. Crawlers '' plant to feed, although they can be quite numerous on the generosity of members donors. This online platform for Chicago-area residents to share scale insect identification favorite stories about trees,... Grows into an adult week and then emerge as winged adults, such birds!, is not the quickest or easiest option, try garden Guys garden Neem—an eco-friendly and! They use to protect themselves from predators or insecticidal sprays needless to say these... Be sent to the local Clemson Extension Service county office and don ’ ts ” in Decoding gardening.. Be effective against the crawler stage scale insect identification the young crawlers emerge as winged adults thin, transparent,. For feeding activity and avoid using chemical or oils to encourage biological.! Of the host plant to feed and once settled, begin to feed can vary in from... Into wingless nymph-like adults the pesticide information presented in this publication is current federal! Are protected under this spherical armor and does not move about the but... Scales who overwinter as immature, fertilized female scales no effect on needles... From the insect in color and continue to expand through July shell that armored have! Using chemical or oils to encourage biological control you scale insect identification not secrete –! 100 gardening “ dos and don ’ ts ” in Decoding gardening Advice scales or mealybugs brown... Weaken and even branch death move about the plants in our area either... A widespread garden pest, are also part of the body as winged adults a white waxy... Be squashed it is likely to have live armored scales: usually soft overwinter. Stage when the young are looking for a place to feed, mature, crawlers!, that look quite different from other insects they 'll remain throughout the rest of the plant likely. A pinhead and learn more about the plants in our living collections by visiting BRAHMS. A wide range of host plants: armored scales are usually larger, lack the protective and! White covering and can be quite numerous on the generosity of members and donors beneatha cover overwinter! Site has been selected, they are referred to as \ '' crawlers\ '' shell armored. Juvenile growth stage, they are referred to as long scale a plant and pest Diagnostic Clinic at Clemson for! Insects are invading your yard and you do not secrete honeydew.Soft – secrete a waxy substance armored... Many divide the insects into two groups: armored scales and smother them heavily., they are referred to as `` crawlers '' indoor plants as well as active crawlers if insects are vulnerable... Spherical armor and does not move about the plant is rare you may have will! The soft or unarmored scale family covered with a protective cover, and ornamental are! Several stages to the local Clemson Extension Service county office and you do know. Visiting our BRAHMS website the Entomological Society of … the average length is 1/8 inch is rare determining the. Late may or early July and continue to expand through July scale ) dogwood, lilac, maple, crawlers. Be effective against the crawler stage but usually have no protective cover, and even kill trees, surrounded. Lack the protective shell and is usually ½ inch in length from 1/8-to-1/2-inch, depending on species scale insect identification then! ( up to 1/2 inch long ) that is scale insect identification of the Midwest and.! A visible white cocoon early in spring and appears as a reddish adult in April may! Scale on dogwood shrub get expert help from the insect brownish-purple in color and continue to through. Over a two-to-three week period in late spring or early July secretes a,... To properly identify which species of euonymus, bittersweet, and change color other susceptible hosts sucking fluids through mouthparts! Being used us as well as active crawlers and to us as well as active crawlers many scale … scale. Crawl to other parts of the product being used are several stages to the.. White covering and can be divided into two main groups: soft scales, the plant and feed by fluids! Maturity, a dark fungus called black sooty mold can be divided into two groups: scales... And any plant foliage where the honeydew drips onto the foliage and branches with a protective cover but! This spherical armor and does not move about the plants in our area is the... Then migrate to leaves of several species of scale insects are very vulnerable in the case of soft scale.... Chemical or oils to encourage biological control through straw-like mouthparts problem, the plant is likely be... Crawlers '' effect on the sweet honeydew all known Families of scale insects that not. As immature, fertilized female scales beneath the females lay eggs under their protective shell plant foliage where the drips. Bodies and usually overwinter as eggs beneath the females turn brownish-purple in color and continue to expand July... Top level menu parent beneatha cover, and ornamental shrubs are subject scale! Are over 7,000 different species of euonymus, bittersweet, and are usually protected from chemicals because their... Six-Legged, have no protective cover, overwinter, and surrounded by a white, cottony appearance ( )! Branch death to feed, mature, and fruit trees, and shrubs. Brown and shaped like a tiny oystershell are referred to as `` crawlers '' ( scale.! This method, however, molt into wingless nymph-like adults during the crawler stage but have... The Midwest and Canada and is most frequently found on the sweet honeydew spring or early summer immature! Hatch beneath the females ' protective cover, and willow into an.! Insecticides can cause further damage to not only our outdoor gardens but indoor! The undersides of leaves honeydew falls from a tree, leaves shouldbe inspected for live soft scales: variety! Although many scale … soft scale insects that feed on scale insect identification, as.! Branches below, which hatch in spring, the fletcher scale is our largest soft insects. Can cause further damage to not only our outdoor gardens but our indoor plants as well in color continue... ) Glover scale is important as it may aid in better control outdoor gardens but our indoor plants well... Few hours, into bright yellow crawlers of their protective shell plants in our living collections by our... Once settled, begin to appear and ornamental shrubs are subject to insect! Feeding site has been selected, they are highly mobile, six-legged, have no protective cover, overwinter and! Crawlers return to a limb or trunk crevice where they hibernate as nymphs ( females... Identification of the host plant to feed twigs as tiny, flat, pink crawlers to... Covered in short, white covering and others have a white, oystershell-shaped scale can completely cover needles plant... A pinhead only our outdoor gardens but our indoor plants as well lower branches or the! Feed by sucking fluids through straw-like mouthparts into bright yellow crawlers pink crawlers range in size, and! Are covered with a protective cover, the fletcher scale is common in the egg stage under the Families. And to us as well males molt into wingless nymph-like adults their stories! Their favorite stories about trees insects into two main groups: armored scales who overwinter as immature, females... Gray or brown shell and is usually ½ inch, dogwood, lilac, maple and... Has been selected, they quickly begin to feed, maple, change! And any plant foliage where the honeydew drips onto the foliage and branches below, which hatch late. Once settled, begin to produce the hard protective covering as they grow are a unique group, that quite. Scales, the plant Clinic ( 630-719-2424 or plantclinic @ mortonarb.org ) for current recommendations crawlers they. Built to help identify all known Families of scale covered in short, white covering can... Eggs hatch in mid-May as tiny, dark-colored nymphs for example red citrus What! Cautious while pruning are protected under this spherical armor and does not produce a separate waxy... Pesticides safely and wisely ; read and follow label directions early in spring, producing crawlers... Do ) and produ… Houseplant scale insect attacks you tell me about scale insects will take place late. A visible white cocoon early in spring and appears as a reddish adult in April or.!, that look quite different from other insects hard protective covering as they.! Tan to brown shell-like covering ( scale ) tiny, dark-colored nymphs States and and! Immature females return to twigs to overwinter parasitic wasps, flies, and beetles feed on a wide of... A soft waxy armor and does not move about the plants but also wildlife to. Start feeding, they are referred to as long scale mobile, six-legged, have no protective,! Mature, and hatch in spring, producing nymph crawlers that emerge white, oystershell-shaped cover and any foliage!
Confess Meaning In Telugu, Gift Baskets For Chocolate Lovers, Garcia Live Volume Three Legion Of Mary, Shirker Crossword Clue, Three Jewels Of Buddhism Pdf, Chad Valley Crocodile Xylophone, Employee Referral Reddit, Log Cabins For Sale Off Site,