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I rather gathered that that was his view, but apparently that is not so. In the United Kingdom, conscription has existed for two periods in modern times. ment. You must have the name and address of the individual, farm or organisation that will be carrying out the waste operations. On the one hand we have selected young men A large number of young men join the Merchant Navy for the purpose of making their careers at sea. § Colleagues of mine and members of my own Party in another place have been anxious that in view of the changed circumstances, there should be an examination of National Service with a view to reducing the period from two years to eighteen months. As Lord Glyn has said, miners are exempted from military service, but mining is notoriously a somewhat unpleasant, and perhaps even a relatively dangerous, job; and in view of its vital importance and the need for it to continue in war time a good case can be made out for treating the miners diferently. My Lords, I hope that the noble Viscount, Lord Alexander of Hillsborough, is not under the impression that I am against National Service. 447 I think it was realised at the time that there might be a few men who would join the catering department in order to avoid National Service; but, on balance, it was considered at the time that this comparatively small risk must be accepted. Sometimes at the most critical stage men are taken away and lose the opportunity that would otherwise come to them of continuing their research and development work. They also serve who…stand and wait, nothing as a result of their escapade. These bonds were strengthened by the discipline imposed on them from basic training onwards. My noble friend, has mentioned, as has the noble Lord, Lord Cherwell, the deferment of scientists. of exceptional ability, trained, at great public expense, to do a particular job of national importance in peace time and, especially, in war. The National Archives is the UK government's official archive. I hardly think that it is necessary for me to go in detail into the reasons why these particular categories of job were chosen, but since my noble friend has, in the words of his Motion, particularly drawn attention to the Merchant Service, perhaps I should say a word about that on behalf of Her Majesty's Government. § 450 The Navy depends upon electronics more and more, and the Army more and more upon its technical developments. I do not think they had in mind the points which the noble Lord, Lord Glyn, had in connection with this matter. 435 After the end of the Second World War, National Service as peacetime conscription was formalised in the UK by the National Service Act of 1948. Links to external websites are provided as a convenience and should not be construed as an endorsement by the U.S. Department of State of the views or products contained therein. Not at all. Students traveling from the Schengen Area, the UK, and Ireland with valid F-1 and M-1 visas do not need to contact an embassy or consulate to seek an individual national interest exception to travel. the experience of two world wars behind us, and of the essential part which the Merchant Navy played in those wars, we should be asking for trouble if, for short-term advantage, we did anything to weaken the man-power of our Merchant Fleet. 438 There are bound to he certain rivalries among departments—between the engineers, the deck and so forth—but by good will they work together. : Camping and Caravanning Exemptions Team, First Floor Zone C, Natural England, Eastbrook, Shaftesbury Road, Cambridge, CB2 8DR . Then there is the whole field of nuclear energy—a new science, and one of paramount importance. We shall certainly continue, and also seek to improve, in this direction. Motion for Papers, by leave, withdrawn. The Department of State also continues to grant national interest exceptions for qualified travelers seeking to enter the United States for purposes related to humanitarian travel, public health response, and national security. I can assure my noble friend that the Minister of Labour will study carefully the speeches that have been made this afternoon, and I hope that in view of what I have said the noble Lord will find it possible to withdraw his Motion. If it were a matter of possessing special skill or knowledge, the reasoning would be perfectly sound, but little attention is paid to that aspect. The current Executive Order is 13526. As I draw attention in the Motion, as drafted, specially to the Merchant Navy, I think it is essential that I should make it clear that I very much regret it if I have put anything in the Motion which gives a false impression of the stringent conditions that exist lo see that that privilege (if that is the right word) is not abused. Had all the applications been granted, there would have been very little National Service, and the difficulties we should have been faced with long before today would have been great. I hope that the noble Lord will forgive me for saying that he seems to have performed the satisfying and, unfortunately, rather rare feat of putting down a Motion and answering it himself. The first was during the First World War and the second ran from 1939 to 1960. 1- CENSUS National service census is a compulsory administrative operation. You are about to leave travel.state.gov for an external website that is not maintained by the U.S. Department of State. But such men are in a small minority, because in a modern ship engineers of all kinds have to play a much larger part than the deck staff. I am sure that everybody recognises that the Mercantile Marine is of paramount importance to this country, and that nothing should be done which would cause its efficiency to suffer or its power of competition in peace time to be adversely affected. They are not the products of inherited privilege, but of innate intelligence. National Utilisource is one of the leading North American providers of top-rated energy supply to customers looking for large-scale energy consumption. In all those things we are lamentably short of skilled manpower that we require. I think I heard it said—and I fancy that the noble Lord, Lord Cherwell, would rather like this—that all scientists ought to be deferred because of their great importance to industry and research. As your Lordships know, there is intense competition in industry and a struggle to be highly proficient in a very competitive world; and to-day the number of men who are trained to be efficient in technology and other branches of science are not as many as are required if this country is to go ahead and keep abreast of the times. At the same time, it means that the efficiency of the Merchant Service must be of the highest possible order; and, to achieve that and to obtain the necessary number of men, the regulations for registration are most thorough. I spoke to the Minister of Labour about this matter some years ago. I was hoping that he would carry out his first decision—namely, talk to the Motion that is on the Paper instead of speaking against it. At the age of twenty-six they can, if they wish, freely take up any other trade they choose. There is no disagreement between myself and the noble Lord, Lord Glyn, or the noble Lord, Lord Cherwell, whose speeches I have listened to and read with great interest, in connection with this important matter. I want to emphasise that I think the system which the Merchant Navy have, with the concurrence of the Government and all Departments, is the right one in order to maintain the Merchant Navy in a proficient way. I feel sure that the scheme will be of great value, and we shall watch with great interest how it works out. National Service Act 1948 provided the framework for peacetime conscription - 17- to 21-year-old healthy men were expected to serve in the armed forces for … Graduates in science are particularly valuable to the Services as potential officers in the technical arms, and qualified men are badly needed by the Education Corps of the three Services for teaching in technical training colleges. Although the page states the exemptions apply to England only, they are exactly the same in Wales: Using waste. I do not say for a moment that any scientist wishes to be absolved from his National Service. It is vital that they turn out a good aircraft. Exemption 1 Classification is governed by the President through Executive Orders. 444 The real fact is that the more I went into this question, the more I found out what a small proportion of men join the Mercantile Marine with a view to evading National Service. I now find myself in this position: that the noble Lord has spent about one-third of his time eulogising all branches of the Mercantile Marine and has then gone on to another subject. In that way it was possible to arm marine ships, and indeed, to transfer these men to the Royal Navy, the R.N.V.R. UK government employees and war pensioners. Now that my noble friend has acknowledged that Even in the most essential activities there was the issue of replaceability. I have mentioned cases in which deferment, admittedly on a small scale, has been granted. I think that is quite a good innovation. The main functions of the Department continued to involve supervision of registration, medical examination and enlistment, including the deferment of … I think new that opinion is unanimous that it would be a mistake to alter the system whereby merchant seamen of good character are deferred, provided that they remain at sea until they are 26. If a man is a farm labourer all his life until he dies, then he has been exempt from National Service. The same thing applies to every branch of the Services. I should, however, like to deal with the question of the scarcity of technicians and scientists to deal with modern problems. My Lords, it is the fact that a man is deferred so long as he stays in that particular job. to shipowners and the Merchant Navy to be proficient, because I suppose there is no service of such tremendous importance to the welfare and prosperity of this country as the Merchant Navy. 434 One curious thing is that on the railways, both in this country and on the Continent, it is a recognised fact that in an emergency a man who is an efficient driver or an efficient railway engineer would be exempted from ordinary military service and would do as a soldier the work he normally does, because without that form of communication the Army I ask your Lordships' leave to withdraw the Motion. My Lords, I am afraid I am placed in some difficulty. In the first place, they are not exempted from military service at all, and two years' service in the Merchant Navy is not counted as an equivalent to two years' National Service; but, provided the man carries out his duties properly at sea, his call-up is held in suspense until he is twenty-six years of age. Such a distinction, however, would not be at all easy to make, even were it desirable to make it. They are ruthlessly dragged away from their work and, to all intents and purposes, intellectually sterilised for two years while they are being taught (again at some public expense) to do quite different and relatively unskilled work. LORD GLYN rose to ask Her Majesty's Government whether an immediate review will be made of those persons who, being members of a certain trade or calling, are excused National Service, with special reference to the term "Seamen" being held to cover persons liable for National Service but who have no qualifications other than being waiters; and to move for Papers. For instance, there are a number of men employed on cleaning the decks, on washing down and painting; and a number of engineers who are employed in maintaining machinery installed in the ship only for the "hotel" purposes of the ship. Exemptions from military service in WW1 The British Government introduced conscription in March 1916 because voluntary enlistment could no longer meet the army’s need for recruits. There is I may say that deferment is granted only if a man not liable for National Service is not available as a replacement. Last year, however, I gather that there were over 8,000 cases of emergency! You are exempt if you are a member of Her Majesty's armed forces. National Service (NS) is ever the hot topic in Singapore, being one of the few matters that always sparks debate and spurs discussion. Yet these young men are called up for National Service with the greatest rigour, and made to do "square-bashing" or perhaps even peeling potatoes just at the most fertile period of their lives—an age when, notoriously, two years' interruption will very likely do irretrievable harm to their capacity to think out new theories and discover new facts. Also it is not uninteresting to note that when the last war broke out there were about 3,000 stewards who suddenly became redundant, and the majority of those men, because of their knowledge of the sea, were immediately transformed into gunners. Industry and the Services want the best brains and the highly skilled workers, and there are not enough for both. I shall not detain the House any longer because, as I say, with 90 per cent. To do this and to carry out our commitments we have no alternative but to continue National Service. Therefore, when I draw attention in the Motion to stewards or waiters, I ought to say at once that I am now quite satisfied that, although the primary function of those men is in the catering department, their training is such that they have to be proficient lifeboat-men and efficient in other duties. The GOV.UK proposition helps people in government departments and agencies who need to publish information or services for the public to use. The definition of a merchant seaman is a person employed or engaged in any capacity on board any ship, and thus the catering department personnel are included in the deferment. Prince Harry has suggested that the UK re-introduce National Service. I can assure my noble friend, Lord Cherwell, that we do try to use National Servicemen who are skilled in a particular job in a job for which they are well suited. that only after the most stringent test and vetting and recommendations from all sorts of high authorities. Now if it is right—and I repeat that I believe it to be absolutely right—that a man who is in the Merchant Navy and wishes to get his master's ticket should be allowed to go on in that Service and eventually sit for his master's examination and get his certificate, surely the same principle applies in other directions. We must not overlook the Services' need for science and engineering graduates. Quite the contrary. I only hope that he was not too embarrassed by the support given by my noble friend Lord Cherwell to a Motion which he himself no longer supports. 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